If you’ve recently been denied the purchase of a firearm after a background check, you’re likely confused, frustrated, and maybe even a little panicked. The federal background check system, known as the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS), can issue a denial for a variety of reasons—some justified, many not. At National Security Law Firm (NSLF), we help clients nationwide navigate these denials, correct wrongful flags, and restore their rights. Here’s what you need to know if you’re staring down a denial.

Step 1: Don’t Panic—Understand What a NICS Denial Means

A NICS denial means that the FBI believes you are prohibited under federal law from receiving or possessing a firearm. But that does not necessarily mean they’re right. In fact, many denials happen because:

  • The FBI mistook your identity for someone else with a similar name

  • There was a clerical or database error (e.g., old charges not updated)

  • The system flagged a state-level issue that doesn’t actually trigger a federal ban

  • Your rights have been restored at the state level, but the federal system hasn’t caught up

Step 2: Request the Reason for the Denial

To fight a denial, you need to know why you were denied. Fortunately, the FBI allows you to request this via their Firearm-Related Challenge process.

You’ll need to:

  • Visit https://www.edo.cjis.gov to start your challenge

  • Provide your NICS Transaction Number (NTN) or State Transaction Number (STN)

  • Submit identifying information and documentation

Once received, the FBI will provide the official reason for your denial. This could include:

  • A prior felony conviction

  • A mental health commitment

  • Drug use history

  • A disqualifying restraining order

  • Or—most commonly—a mistaken or outdated record

Step 3: Consider Filing a Firearm-Related Challenge

If you believe the denial is wrong, or if your records have been expunged, sealed, pardoned, or corrected, you can file a NICS Challenge. This is your chance to:

  • Submit certified court documents

  • Prove mistaken identity

  • Show that you are not legally prohibited from possessing a firearm

At NSLF, we handle this process from start to finish—including drafting your written challenge, obtaining supporting documentation, and communicating directly with the FBI.

Step 4: Consider the Voluntary Appeal File (VAF)

Even if your denial gets resolved, some people face ongoing delays or repeated problems due to common names or background confusion. If this happens to you, you may be eligible to apply for the Voluntary Appeal File (VAF) and receive a Unique Personal Identification Number (UPIN).

Having a UPIN means that for future gun purchases:

  • You can bypass delays caused by mistaken identity

  • You can prove that you’ve already cleared any underlying issues

  • Your firearm background checks will be processed faster and more accurately

Step 5: What If You’re Actually Prohibited Under Federal Law?

Sometimes the denial is technically correct under federal law. Common disqualifying categories include:

  • A felony conviction

  • A past involuntary mental health commitment

  • A domestic violence misdemeanor

  • A current protective order

  • A dishonorable military discharge

Even in these cases, all hope is not lost. Starting in 2025, the Department of Justice is preparing to reopen the federal gun rights restoration process under 18 U.S.C. § 925(c).

At NSLF, we help clients prepare in advance by:

  • Gathering documentation and proof of rehabilitation

  • Drafting character references

  • Reviewing criminal and mental health records

  • Advising on whether expungement, pardon, or restoration is possible in your state

Step 6: Work With a Federal Firearms Rights Lawyer

NICS appeals, challenges, and future restoration petitions are complex, paperwork-heavy, and time-sensitive. A single error or missed detail can delay your case by months. That’s why it’s essential to work with a law firm that understands federal gun laws, firearms rights, and the NICS system inside and out.

At National Security Law Firm, we:

  • Represent clients in all 50 states

  • Handle NICS challenges, VAF applications, and restoration petitions

  • Know how to strategically position your case for the best possible outcome

Explore More Resources

For a deeper look into all your options, visit our main hub: 👉 Denied by NICS? Here’s How NSLF Can Help You Challenge Federal Firearm Prohibitions

Final Thoughts

Being denied the right to purchase a firearm doesn’t have to be the end of the road. Whether your denial is based on an error, outdated records, or a correct but fixable prohibition, NSLF is here to help you fight back.

📅 Book your free consultation today: https://www.nationalsecuritylawfirm.com/book-consult-now/

The National Security Law Firm: It’s Our Turn to Fight for You.