Naturalizing as a U.S. citizen through military service is an expedited process, but it’s still essential to understand the steps and timeline involved. Military applicants, like civilian applicants, must complete several stages, but unique provisions under U.S. immigration law streamline this journey for active-duty service members, veterans, and their families.

Average Timeline for Military Naturalization

The national average processing time for Form N-400, Application for Naturalization is approximately 4 to 6 months. This timeline may vary based on the applicant’s location and circumstances, particularly for military applicants who benefit from expedited processing. Here’s what to expect:

Step-by-Step Breakdown

  • Filing the Application (Form N-400)
    • Military applicants can file Form N-400 online or by mail, including supporting documents such as:
      • Proof of military service (Form N-426, Certification of Military or Naval Service).
      • Permanent Resident Card (green card), if applicable.
    • Processing begins as soon as USCIS receives a complete application. Missing documents or errors may result in delays.
  • Timeline: 1–3 weeks to receive USCIS confirmation of receipt.
  • Biometrics Appointment
    • Applicants are scheduled for a biometrics appointment to provide fingerprints, photographs, and signatures. These are used for background checks conducted by the FBI.
    • Be sure to bring required documentation, such as your appointment letter and military ID.
  • Timeline: 2–4 weeks after filing Form N-400.
  • Interview and Citizenship Exam
    • The naturalization interview is a critical step, during which a USCIS officer reviews your application, verifies eligibility, and administers the citizenship exam (testing English proficiency and knowledge of U.S. civics).
    • Military applicants benefit from expedited scheduling and can often complete this step sooner than civilian applicants.
  • Timeline: 4–6 months after filing Form N-400.
  • Decision on Your Application
    • USCIS may approve, continue, or deny your application:
      • Approval: If all requirements are met, your application is approved.
      • Continued: If additional documents or another interview is required, USCIS will notify you with a detailed explanation.
      • Denial: If your application is denied, you may appeal the decision.
  • Timeline: USCIS typically provides a decision the same day as the interview or within 120 days.
  • Oath of Allegiance Ceremony
    • The final step in the naturalization process. Military applicants often have access to expedited ceremonies, including those conducted at military installations or U.S. embassies overseas.
  • Timeline: 1–2 weeks after approval, but often on the same day as the interview.

Military-Specific Benefits

  1. Expedited Processing Military applicants are exempt from certain residency and physical presence requirements, significantly reducing processing time.
  2. Fee Waivers Active-duty service members and veterans are not required to pay the naturalization application fee.
  3. Overseas Naturalization Service members stationed abroad can complete the entire process—including biometrics, interviews, and oath ceremonies—at U.S. embassies or military installations overseas.
  4. Support During Deployment USCIS and the Department of Defense (DOD) coordinate to accommodate active-duty members, ensuring that deployments do not delay the process.

Factors That May Impact Processing Time

  • Field Office Location: Processing speeds vary by USCIS field office. Use the USCIS Processing Times Tool to check the estimated wait time for your application.
  • Deployment Status: Active-duty deployments may require additional coordination for biometrics and interviews.
  • Request for Evidence (RFE): Missing or incomplete documentation can result in RFEs, which delay processing.
  • Background Checks: Delays may occur if issues arise during the background check process.

Tips for Military Applicants

  1. Prepare Your Documentation Early:
    Ensure all forms are accurate, complete, and accompanied by supporting documents such as Form N-426.
  2. Monitor USCIS Notices:
    Keep your address updated with USCIS to avoid missing appointment letters or other important correspondence.
  3. Utilize Military Resources:
    Many military installations have legal assistance offices or judge advocates who can provide guidance on the naturalization process.
  4. Seek Legal Support:
    Working with an experienced immigration attorney ensures that your application is prepared correctly, minimizing delays.

Delays in Military Naturalization: What Could Be the Cause?

While military naturalization cases are typically processed more quickly than civilian cases—often within six months—delays can occur for various reasons. Understanding these potential hold-ups can help applicants identify and address issues promptly. Below are some common factors that may prolong the process or lead to an application being denied:

1. Ineligibility for Military Naturalization

  • The applicant is a member of an auxiliary organization, such as the Civil Air Patrol or a civilian defense contractor, rather than a member of the U.S. Armed Forces. These applicants are not eligible for military naturalization.
  • The applicant is pursuing wartime naturalization but served during a period when INA Section 329 was not in effect or lacks active-duty or Selected Reserve service, as well as lawful permanent resident (LPR) status.

2. Background Check Delays

  • Background checks are an essential part of the naturalization process and may take longer if:
    • There are unresolved Department of Defense (DOD) investigative files.
    • Additional security checks are required based on the applicant’s records or service.

3. Missing or Incomplete Documentation

  • An uncertified Form N-426 (Certification of Military or Naval Service) was submitted without supporting documentation such as Form DD-214 to verify active military service.
  • USCIS issued a Request for Evidence (RFE) to address incomplete or missing documentation, delaying the process until the requested materials are provided.

4. Fingerprinting Issues

  • The applicant has not completed the required biometrics appointment, which includes fingerprinting. This step is critical for background checks and must be completed promptly.

5. Coordination Challenges for Deployed Applicants

  • Service members stationed overseas may experience delays if USCIS cannot effectively coordinate with the Department of Defense to arrange interviews or naturalization ceremonies at their deployment location.

6. Address Changes

  • Moving without notifying USCIS can lead to missed notices or appointments. Even if USCIS is informed of the move, delays can occur if the new location lacks a nearby USCIS office or field support for military applications.

What You Can Do if You’re Experiencing Delays

If your military naturalization application is taking longer than expected, it’s important to identify and address any potential issues quickly. Here are steps you can take:

  • Check Your Application Status: Use the USCIS Case Status Tool to track progress.
  • Update Your Contact Information: Notify USCIS immediately of any address changes.
  • Follow Up on RFEs: Submit any requested documentation as soon as possible.
  • Coordinate with Military Support: If you’re deployed, work with your command and the DOD to facilitate USCIS interviews and ceremonies.

Let NSLF Help You Navigate Military Naturalization

The military naturalization process offers significant benefits, but navigating it can still be challenging. At National Security Law Firm, we specialize in military immigration cases and provide personalized, expert support every step of the way.

It’s Our Turn to Fight for You!